Network Layer in OSI Model: Protocols, Examples, and Functions!!

08/01/2022

Network Layer in OSI Model: Network layer offers the management to handle the operation of subnet. Network layer helps to transfer the all packets from source to target point across several hosts over the network. Network layer is not required for connecting two computer systems with similar link. It forwards all signals through various channels to another point and it plays the role as network controller.

Network layer spits the all outgoing message into small devices (packets) and bring together incoming packets into messages shape for forwarding to higher stages.

It facilitates to transform all logical community deal with into bodily cope with format.

Gateway, routers, and different gadgets are used inside the network layer, but community layer gives all mechanism for best routing the packet to vacation spot point being functions of physical layer as well.

Breakdown enlarges packets into tiny packets format.

Protocols of Network Layer

There are extraordinary styles of protocols that are used in the network layer; beneath explain every one -

List of Network Layer Protocols

CLNS (Connectionless-mode Network Service)
DDP (Datagram Delivery Protocol)
EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol)
EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol)
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)
IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol)
IPsec (Internet Protocol Security)
IPv4/IPv6 (Internet Protocol)
IPX (Internetwork Packet Exchange)
OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
PIM (Protocol Independent Multicast)
RIP (Routing Information Protocol)

Examples of Network Layer Protocols

CLNS (Connectionless-mode Network Service): It is also referred to as "Connectionless Network Service" this is used as datagram provider within the OSI community layer and it doesn't need any circuit to be constructed before transmitting records. CLNS is an carrier this is provided by using CLNP (Connectionless-mode Network Protocol), so it's miles in general carried out in several telecommunications networks over the sector.

DDP (Datagram Delivery Protocol): It is a segment unit of the Apple Talk networking protocol suite that allows to switch all datagrams with the usage of socket to socket over the AppleTalk Network. This protocol is extra cozy for the ones applications which do no longer want dependable delivery of information.

EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol): EGP is an protocol that is used for swapping all routing statistics in among nearby gateway hosts over the community of self-sustaining structures. The routing desk has list of regarded routers in addition to addresses, and these routing table statistics help to select best route from all available routes and examples of data link layer as well.

EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol): EIGRP is a dynamic routing protocol, and its primary objecting of its miles to pick out higher path in between multiple paths in addition to turning in the packets on them. It makes use of the 88 number protocols and it really works over the community layer protocol in OSI model.

ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol): ICMP protocol is used by network gadgets for determining the all network communication issues and mistakes as well as monitoring that all information is arriving its suitable goal factor with its timing length or now not. This protocol is likewise used within the dispensed denial-of-provider (DDoS) attacks.

IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol): IGMP protocol is used to manipulate institution club within the multicast network. In a multicast network, numerous routers are used which assist to manual route packets for all computer systems that are related to specific group. Multicast routers grab all statistics from IGMP to perceive all hosts which are getting membership of institution.

IPSec (Internet Protocol Security): IPSec is a hard and fast of protocols, and they're used to establish encrypted connections in between more than one gadget. It offers security function to send facts over the general public community system. IPSec is ordinarily implemented to configure VPN set up and it allows to work by using encrypting IP packets.

IPv4/IPv6 (Internet Protocol): IPv4 is the fourth version of internet protocol and IP method internet protocol. It incorporates 32 bit integers at the side of four addresses that is expressed into hexadecimal format like as 192.1.4.126.

IPv6 is 6th technology of internet protocol, and it turned into developed with the aid of Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) in December 1998. It uses the 128 bit internet addresses with eight organizations of 4 hexadecimal digits like as 2001:0da8:75a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:8543

IPX (Internetwork Packet Exchange): IPX became released in 1980s, but it turned into getting popularity thru Nineteen Nineties. It is networking protocol this is used by Novell NetWare operating machine and after a while it turned into followed by Windows.

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First): OSPF is designed by means of Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and it works as Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP). It is a link kingdom routing protocol and it allows finding exceptional path in among the source and target router.

PIM (Protocol Independent Multicast): PIM enables to distribute the multicast statistics with the usage of of routes this is collected through other protocols. It makes use of the unicast routing table for making and preserving the multicast routing trees with using of opposite direction forwarding. PIM has variations PIM-Dense Mode and PIM-Sparse Mode.

RIP (Routing Information Protocol): RIP is an dynamic routing protocol this is used the hop remember (number of routers taking place in among the supply and vacation spot network) like as routing metric for finding the first-rate course in between the supply and vacation spot factor.

Functions of Network Layer

Network layer's capabilities are divided into 4 extraordinary areas; along with-

Routing System: It is foremost part of the network layer because it helps to become aware of higher most desirable route from the several paths source to goal factor. When router grabs all packets via its input hyperlink, then it's going to switch the ones packets to router's output link. For example; if packet attempts to transport M1 to N1 then it have to be transferred to similarly router via route to M2.

Addressing System: Network layer makes to use of the logical addressing due to the fact this deal with allows to identify supply and destination factor. Network layer appends the logical addresses to the header of the frame.

Internetworking System: The fundamental goal of community layer is to offer logical connection in among the distinguish styles of networks and community' gadgets.

Segmentation: In this technique, to break all packets that is received from top layer into small segments. This method is likewise called "Packetizing" and it is accomplished with the assist of net protocol (IP).